The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious trophy on 14 different times.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net in the opening stages.
However, Marseille struck twice late to take a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 shootout win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.